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Accessible: A place which is easy to reach.
Accessibility: How easy a place is to get to.
Active Volcano: A volcano that has erupted recently
and is likely to erupt again.
Agriculture: The growing of crops and rearing of animals.
Amenities: services that people find very useful, but are
not essential, like swimming pools, libraries, parks, etc..
Arable Farming: A farm or area that only grows crops.
Attractive Countryside: Areas of pleasant scenery such as
mountains rivers, lakes and coasts.
Birth Rate: The number of people being born for each
1,000 of the population.
Bridging Point: An easy crossing point where the river
narrows or is shallower.
Business Park: New offices built in pleasant
surroundings on the edge of cities.
Capital: The amount of money belonging to a country,
factory or a person.
Cardinal Points: The four main points of the compass:
(N., S., E., W.)
CBD: Central Business District. This is the centre of a
town or city where the main roads meet. It has the most shops, offices and
high-rise buildings.
Clean-up: A method of getting rid of pollution.
Commercial Centre: Where business activities such as
shops and services are concentrated.
Communications: The ways in which people, goods and ideas
move from one place to another. It usually refers to roads and railways.
Confluence: Where one river joins another.
Confluence Town: A town that grows where two rivers meet.
Congestion: Overcrowding on roads causing traffic jams.
Conservation: The protection of the environment.
Conservationist: People who care for and look after the
environment.
Continent: A large area of land. There are seven
continents: North and South America; Asia; Europe; Africa; Australia;
Antarctica.
Contour: A line drawn on a map to join places of the same
height above sea-level.
Conurbation: Two cities that grow and eventually merge
together.
Cross-section: A diagram showing by means of a side view
the slopes and heights of the land surface.
Death Rate: The number of people dying per 1,000 of the
population.
Defensive Site: A place where a settlement can be
easily defended against attack such as on a hilltop or surrounded by water.
Delta: A flat area of deposited river silt found at the
mouth of a river.
Densely Populated: An area that is crowded.
Density: A measure of how close together people live in
an area.
Deposition: The laying down of material carried by
rivers, sea, ice or wind.
Deposition Landforms: Landscape features made up of
material that has been deposited by rivers, sea, ice or wind..
Drought: A long spell of dry weather resulting in a
serious water shortage.
Dry Point Site: A patch of dry ground which is firm
enough to build on. It is often near rivers on higher ground above the level of
flood danger.
Earthquakes: A movement or tremor, of the Earth’s
surface.
Economic Activity: This is about industry, jobs, earning
a living and producing wealth.
Energy: The power to do something to give off heat.
Environment: The natural or physical surroundings where
people, plants and animals live.
Erosion: The wearing away and removal of rock, soil, etc,
by rivers, sea, ice and wind.
Erosion Landforms: Landscape features resulting from the
wearing away of rock.
European Union: A group of European countries working
together for the benefit of everyone in the group.
Extinct: No longer be found living on the planet.
Facilities: Services that are people feel are essential
such as toilets, heating, telephones etc..
Factories: Places where things are made from natural
resources and raw matenals.
Fertile: Land or soil where crops can be grown
successfully.
Flood Plain: The flat area at the bottom of a valley
which is often flooded.
Food Mountains and Lakes: Surplus supplies of farm
products that are stored.
Ford: A crossing where the river is shallow.
Fossil Fuels: Fuels from the remains of plants or ancient
life.
Frontier (Border): The boundary around a country.
Function: The reason for something to be somewhere. It is
its use or purpose such as a port, market, industry or tourism..
Gap: This is a low point along a line of hills or
mountains through which roads and railways can pass through.
Gap Town: a town that grows at a gap in the hills.
Goods: Things made by people to sell in a market.
Gradient: The slope of the land.
Green Belt: A protected area of countryside around a city
where new building is not allowed to try and stop the spread of a city.
Grid: A
grid is a pattern of squares on your map which serve to fix your position.
Coordinates will provide numbers that allow you to find a horizontal line and
also a vertical line and follow them to the point of intersection, placing you
at the bottom left-hand corner (south-west) of a particular grid.
Grid References: Any location in the United Kingdom can
be described in terms of its distance from the origin (0,0), which lies to the
west of the Scilly Isles. Grid references are always presented in terms of
eastings (distance east from the origin) and northings (distance north from the
origin). Increasing easting numbers indicate you are heading east; decreasing
indicate you are heading west. Increasing northing numbers indicate you are
heading north; decreasing indicate you are heading south.
Gross National Product (GNP): The wealth of a country.
Its total income divided by its total population.
High Birth Rate: A lot of babies born for each 1000 of
the population.
High-tech Industries: Industries using advanced machines
and skilled people, e.g. computers and electronics.
Historic Sites: Important old settlements and buildings
which are interesting to people.
Human Features/Activities: The actions and results of
humans especially where and how people live.
Hydro-electric Power: Energy obtained from using
the power of water.
Impermeable: A rock that will not let groundwater pass
through it. Clay is a good example.
Income: What a person or country earns or gains in money
from working, selling or trading.
Industry: a general term for working and making money.
Industrialised: Using machines and power (energy) to make
things.
Infant Mortality Rate: The number of children out of
every 1000 born alive that die before they reach the age of one year.
Infertile: Poor soil or land in which crops won’t grow
well.
Information Technology (IT): The exchange of ideas
and information.
Intensive Farming: Farms which cover small areas but
which use either many people or a lot of capital (money). No land is wasted.
Isolated: Difficult to reach. Far from other places.
Labour: Workers, employed people.
Landscape: The scenery. What the land looks like
Less Developed: A poorer area where there are less
communications, services and where people have lower living standards.
Life Expectancy: The average number of years a person can
expect to live.
Limestone: A pale coloured rock which is permeable and
stores water.
Literacy Rate: The number of people in a country who can
read and write.
Living Standards: How well people are able to live. It is
linked to the amount of money they earn.
Location: Where a place is.
Market: A place where raw materials and goods are sold.
Market Gardening: The growing of fruit, vegetables and
flowers.
Meander: A bend in a river.
Mechanised: Work done by machines.
Mediterranean Climate: Places which have hot, dry summers
and mild, wet winters.
Migrant Workers: People who are born in one country and
travel to work in another.
Migration: The movement of people from one place to
another to live or to work.
Mining: The extraction or digging out of minerals from
deep under the ground, e.g. coal, iron ore.
Mouth: The end of a river where it flows into the sea.
Natural Harbour: a safe place for ships where the shape
of the coastline provides shelter from the wind and waves.
Natural Resources: Raw materials which are obtained from
the environment, e.g. water, coal or fertile soil.
Non-renewable Resources: Resources that can only be used
once, e.g. coal, oil.
Ordnance Survey: The official government organisation for
producing maps of the UK.
Peak: The top or summit of a hill or mountain.
Peninsula: A narrow piece of land jutting out into the
sea.
Permeable: A rock that will allow water to pass through
it such as limestone.
Physical Features/Activities: These are the result of
natural forces which shape the earth and effect the atmosphere.
Plan: A detailed map of a small area.
Plain: A low flat area.
Plateau: A high flat area.
Political Map: A map which shows countries, their borders
and main cities.
Pollution: Noise, dirt and other harmful substances
produced by people and machines which spoil an area.
Population Distribution: How people are spread out over
an area.
Population Explosion: A sudden rapid rise in the number
of people.
Population Growth: The increase in the number of
people in an area.
Population Growth Rate: A measure of how quickly the
number of people in an area increases.
Port: A place used by ships to load and unload people and
goods.
Position: Where a place is.
Poverty: This is where people are poor, have no savings,
own very little and often have low living standards.
Power: Energy needed to work machines and to produce
electricity.
Primary Activity: Collecting and using natural resources,
e.g. farming, fishing, forestry and mining.
Profit: making more than you need to survive.
Prosperous: This is where people are rich and well-off.
Pull Factors: Things that attract people to live
in an area.
Push Factors: Things that make people want to leave an
area.
Quarry: Where rock is cut from the surface of the land.
Raw Materials: Natural resources which are used to make
things.
Recycling: Turning waste into something which is usable
again.
Redevelop: To knock everything down and start all over
again.
Reservoir: A human made lake which is used to store water
supplies, often behind a dam.
Relief: The shape of the land surface and its height.
Residential: A housing area where people live.
Resistant Rock: A hard rock which resists being worn down
and stands out as hills.
Resources: Things which can be useful to people. They may
be natural like coal and iron ore, or of other value like money and skilled
workers.
River Basin: The area drained by a river and its
tributaries.
Rural: Countryside.
Rural-to-urban Migration: The movement of people from the
countryside to the towns and cities.
Scenery: The appearance or view across the natural
landscape.
Scenic: Attractive and interesting view of the landscape.
Seasonal Jobs: Employment that lasts for only part of the
year.
Secondary Activities: Where natural resources are made or
manufactured in factories into goods.
Services: These are used by people and include shops,
schools, buses and hospitals.
Service Industry: This is an industry where a service is
provided. It includes cleaners, shop and office workers, police, doctors and
train drivers.
Settlement: Where people choose to live.
Settlement Hierarchy: settlements ordered by their size:
hamlets, villages, towns, cities, conurbations.
Sheltered Site: A place shielded or protected from stormy
weather because it is low-lying or behind a hill.
Silt: Soil left behind after a river floods.
Site: The actual place where a settlement or a building
is located.
Situation: The wider area surrounding a settlement.
Slope: This is the angle at which the land is tilted.
Slopes can be gentle or steep.
Soil Erosion: The removal of soil by wind or water.
Source: The beginning of a river in the mountains.
Sparsely Populated: An area that has few people living in
it.
Spring: This is where water flows out of the ground.
Standard of Living: How well-off a person or a country
is.
Subsistence: Growing just enough food for your own needs
with nothing left over to sell.
Suburb: An area of housing around the edge of a city.
Technology: New ways of using resources and developing
new equipment.
Tourist Attractions: Places where people travel for
interest and pleasure.
Trade: The exchange of goods or services.
Transport: Ways of moving people and goods from one place
to another.
Transportation: The movement of eroded material by
rivers, sea, ice and wind.
Tributary: A small river which flows into the main river.
True North: The direction which points to the North Pole.
Unemployment Rate: The number of people out of work for
each 1000 of the population.
Urban: Large area of houses, factories, etc..
Valley: An area of lowland with slopes either side. A
river flows along the lowest part.
Vegetation: All kinds of plants including shrubs and
trees.
Vineyard: Where grapes are grown to make wine.
Volcano: A cone-shaped mountain made up from lava and
ash.
Wildlife Habitats: The homes of plant and animals.
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